Basic Verbs

1. ⴷⴷⵓ

   Ddu

   Go! / To go

   Usage

   Basic form of "go"; the imperative is the same for either sex.

   Grammar Note

   A dictionary verb (leave, go); the imperative is the bare stem. 69 zgh, 51 Tashelhit hits.

2. ⴰⵡⵔⴰ

   Awra

   Come!

   Usage

   Calling one person to come.

   Grammar Note

   A dictionary form glossed "viens !"; a fixed imperative. Seen only in zgh (6 hits), not in the Tashelhit corpus.

3. ⵛⵛ

   Cc

   Eat! / To eat

   Usage

   Basic form of "eat"; also the imperative.

   Grammar Note

   A dictionary verb; 52 zgh and 47 Tashelhit hits. First person perfective: ⵛⵛⵖ.

4. ⵙⵓ

   Su

   Drink! / To drink

   Usage

   Basic form of "drink"; also the imperative.

   Grammar Note

   A dictionary verb; attested in sentences like ⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ "drink water".

5. ⵙⵖ

   Sɣ

   Buy! / To buy

   Usage

   Basic form of "buy"; also the imperative.

   Grammar Note

   A dictionary verb; 8 zgh, 75 Tashelhit, 52 Wikipedia hits.

6. ⵥⵕ

   Ẓṛ

   Look! / To see

   Usage

   Basic form of "see"; also the imperative.

   Grammar Note

   A dictionary verb (see, look); 29 zgh and 21 Tashelhit hits.

7. ⴼⴽ ⵉⵢⵉ ⵡⴰⴷ

   Fk iyi wad

   Give me this

   Usage

   Asking for something in a shop or at the table.

   Grammar Note

   The same sentence pattern is in both zgh and Tashelhit corpora.

8. ⵎⵍ ⵉⵢⵉ

   Ml iyi

   Show me

   Usage

   Asking to be shown something.

   Grammar Note

   Imperative plus object, attested in both corpora.

9. ⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⵢⵉ

   Ini iyi

   Tell me

   Usage

   Asking to be told something.

   Grammar Note

   Imperative plus object, attested in both corpora.

10. ⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵓⵖ

    Riɣ ad dduɣ

    I want to go

    Usage

    Saying you want to leave or go.

    Grammar Note

    The pattern "want + ⴰⴷ + verb"; the zgh corpus has ⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵓⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵙⵓ "I want to go to a hotel".

11. ⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵛⵛⵖ

    Riɣ ad ccɣ

    I want to eat

    Usage

    Saying you want to eat.

    Grammar Note

    Taken from the corpus sentence ⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵛⵛⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⴽⴽⵉ "I want to eat too" without its last words.

12. ⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵓⵖ ⵍⵇⵀⵡⴰ

    Riɣ ad suɣ lqhwa

    I want to drink coffee

    Usage

    Ordering at a café.

    Grammar Note

    The same sentence is in both corpora.

13. ⵔⵉⵖ ⵜ

    Riɣ t

    I want it

    Usage

    Saying you want an item (masculine noun).

    Grammar Note

    The object clitic ⵜ is masculine, ⵜⵜ feminine. Attested in zgh and Tashelhit.

14. ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵔⵉⵖ

    Ur t riɣ

    I don't want it

    Usage

    Declining something.

    Grammar Note

    Same pattern as the corpus sentence ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵔⵉⵖ "I don't want her". In negation the object clitic precedes the verb.

15. ⵓⵙⵔⵖ ⵜ

    Usrɣ t

    I need it

    Usage

    Saying you need something.

    Grammar Note

    The same sentence is in both corpora.

16. ⵃⵎⵍⵖ ⴰⵢⴰⴷ

    Ḥmlɣ ayad

    I like this

    Usage

    Saying you like something.

    Grammar Note

    The same sentence is in both corpora.

17. ⵍⵍⵓⵥⵖ

    Lluẓɣ

    I'm hungry

    Usage

    Saying you are hungry.

    Grammar Note

    First person of the dictionary verb ⵍⵍⵓⵥ "to be hungry"; 8 zgh and 6 Tashelhit hits.

18. ⴼⴼⵓⴷⵖ

    Ffudɣ

    I'm thirsty

    Usage

    Saying you are thirsty.

    Grammar Note

    First person of the dictionary verb ⴼⴼⵓⴷ "to be thirsty". One zgh hit only; Tashelhit uses another expression.

19. ⵕⵎⵉⵖ

    Ṛmiɣ

    I'm tired

    Usage

    Saying you are tired.

    Grammar Note

    First person of the dictionary verb ⵕⵎⵉ; 18 zgh and 20 Tashelhit hits.

20. ⵓⴹⵏⵖ

    Uḍnɣ

    I'm sick

    Usage

    Saying you are ill.

    Grammar Note

    First person perfective; 13 zgh and 16 Tashelhit hits.

21. ⵔⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵓⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵙⵓ

    Riɣ ad dduɣ s usnsu

    I want to go to a hotel

    Usage

    Saying you want to go to a hotel.

    Grammar Note

    This exact pattern is in the zgh corpus. ⵓⵙⵏⵙⵓ is the construct state of ⴰⵙⵏⵙⵓ.

22. ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵉ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ

    Ur dari adrim

    I don't have any money

    Usage

    Saying you have no money.

    Grammar Note

    "To have" is expressed with the preposition ⴷⴰⵔ plus a suffix. Composed on the pattern of the corpus sentence ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ "I don't have the water".

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